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Qingshuihe Formation
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Qingshuihe Fm base reconstruction

Qingshuihe Fm

Period: 
Cretaceous

Age Interval: 
Early Cretaceous, K1qs, (1)


Province: 
Xinjiang

Type Locality and Naming

Junggar Basin. The Qingshuihe Formation was erected by Wang Aimin in 1975. The section for the designation is in Qingshuihe on the southern margin of the Junggar basin of Xinjiang. The reference section is at Ziniquanzi of the Shawan County, Xinjiang.

[Figure: Qingshuihe Formation in type locality of Junggar basin, Xinjiang[


Lithology and Thickness

The Qingshuihe Formation is represented by gray green, yellow green and light gray sandstone, fine sandstone, mudstone and sandy mudstone with conglomeratic sandstone and conglomerate. The formation is 144 m thick. It becomes finer between the Jichang river and the Qingshui river, and then eastward and westward it becomes coarser, which is the thickest on the Manas section and becomes thinner eastward.


Lithology Pattern: 
Sandstone


Relationships and Distribution

Lower contact

The base, marked by gray conglomerate, lies disconformably on the Karaza Fm (Kalazha Fm ) of early Berriasian.

Upper contact

The top, marked by medium- to fine-grained yellow green sandstone, lies conformably under the overlying Hutubihe Fm of Early Cretaceous.

Regional extent

The present formation occurs in between the Changji and Wusu counties of the Junggar basin of Xinjiang and extends to the first-row structures or the monoclines on the piedmont belt of the Tianshan Mountain of the Situotai area.


GeoJSON

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Fossils

The formation bears gastropods Velvata turgensis, estheria Orthestheria minuta, O. dongollensiis, Charophytes represented by the Sphaerochara verticillata- Minhechara columelaria assemblage, sporopollen grains represented by the Lygodiumsporites- Concavissimisporites-Classopollis-Piceaepollenites assemblage; in Manas east of Ziniquanzi, it also yields estherias Nestoria sp., Reptilia Paralligatoridae, as well as ostracods Cypridea unicostata, C. trita, C. koskulensis, Rhinocypris echinata, R. cirrita, etc.


Age 

Shown as mid-Berriasian through lower-middle Valanginian by Dangpeng Xi, Xiaoqiao Wan, et al. (2019; Integrated Stratigraphy and TimeScale of China)

Age Span: 

    Beginning stage: 
Berriasian

    Fraction up in beginning stage: 
0.5

    Beginning date (Ma): 
140.40

    Ending stage: 
Valanginian

    Fraction up in the ending stage: 
0.25

    Ending date (Ma):  
136.43

Depositional setting

It is mainly of lacustrine deposition.


Depositional pattern:  


Additional Information


Compiler:  

Wan Xiaoqiao